上海托福準備課程培訓班

主謂一致指的是主語和謂語在數(shù)上要保持一致. 在英語除了時態(tài)的變化外,名詞、動詞的數(shù)也有差別,這就要求主語(以名詞為代表)和謂語(包括助動詞)在數(shù)上要一致?如:

1. 在名詞+of+名詞這種結構中, 前一個名詞是整個短語的中心詞, 當該短語作主語時,一般以 of 之前名 詞的數(shù)為依據(jù)確定謂語的數(shù). one of 之后需接復數(shù)名詞,但 one of+名詞作主語時中心詞是 one,故謂語應用單數(shù) One of my students wins the game.

例題: One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States are the everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.

答案:are?應改為:is?解釋:句子的主語是 one 而不是 parts, 謂語動詞應與主語一致, 也用單數(shù) 詞匯:inaccessible: 難以到達的

2. 由 and 連接的多個名詞作主語,謂語動詞應用復數(shù) Career and love are important to me.Jim, John and Mary are playing football.

但是如果用 and 連接起來表示單一的概念時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)?The famous singer and actress, Whitney Huston is coming to the ceremony. (在這里, singer 和 actress 指得是同一人, 都是Whitney Huston)

例題:?(1)?The novel or short story are the literary forms most typically called fiction.

答案:or應改為:and?解釋:謂語 are 是復數(shù),而 or 連接的主語是單數(shù),為保持一致,or 應改為 and

(2)Magnificent mountains and coastal scenery is British Columbia's chief tourist attractions.

答案:is應改為:are?解釋:主語 mountains and scenery 是復數(shù),謂語應保持一致,改為復數(shù) are

3. 不可數(shù)名詞,尤其是抽象名詞(relation, authority, necessity, power, democracy, young 等)作主語時要視為單數(shù),謂語自然也要用單數(shù) The relation between us is very simple.

例題 Nearly 75 percent of the land of the Canadian province of British Columbia are covered by forests.

答案:are應改為:is?解釋:主語 land 是不可數(shù)名詞,應視為單數(shù),謂語應保持一致,改為 is。

4. 單個從句作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)?That she has gone insane is sheer rumor. When they will come hasn't been made public.

5. 如果主語是單數(shù),那么即使后面有 with/ together with/ along with/accompanied by, no less than, like, but, except, including, besides 等引導的短語,謂語動詞仍然要是用單數(shù)。例如:The boy, together with his parents, goes to the cinema today.?No one except the two boys knows how to solve this problem.

6. 由 Not A but B, Not only A but also B, either A or B, neither A nor B 引導的主語,謂語通常 和鄰近的主語相一致?Either you or Mary hurts her. Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. Not you but he is tired of typing. Not only the students but also the teacher is going to be blamed.

7.在 there be 句型、介詞短語、副詞為句首引起的倒裝句中,真正的主語通常在謂語的后面,謂語應該和 后面的主語在數(shù)方面相一致。?但是在 there be 句型中,如果有兩個或者兩個以上的主語,必須和接近他的那個主語相一致。?There are a lot of books on the table. There is only one pencil, two books and one cup on the table.Many a time has he given us good advice.

例題: (1) The first libraries in the North American colonies was established in Massachusetts in the year 1638.

答案: libraries應改為:library. 解釋:謂語部分是單數(shù)形式, 主語需與其一致。

(2)The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals.

答案:are應改為:is.?解釋:此句為簡單句, 主語 combat 是單數(shù)形式, 謂語動詞應與之一致, 用 be 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

(3)Mahogany is often considered the finest cabinet wood because they has most of the qualities desired for furniture making.

答案:they應改為:it.?解釋:從句中謂語 has 是單數(shù)形式,主語應一致,用單數(shù)。

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