雅思閱讀備考：分析長(zhǎng)難句

朗閣雅思考試研究中心

長(zhǎng)難句我們?cè)谄匠５挠⒄Z(yǔ)能力測(cè)試的時(shí)候不常遇見，但是雅思備考的平時(shí)積累中，長(zhǎng)難句分析可是必不可少的，雖然我們還沒有很熟練的運(yùn)用長(zhǎng)難句，但是在遇到的時(shí)候我們應(yīng)該要看得懂，這樣才能在閱讀環(huán)節(jié)中有比較大的把握。

1.    Theteacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to aquestion, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severitywith each successive wrong answer.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句為“The teacher-subject was told that…”; “that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to aquestion, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severitywith each successive wrong answer”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做tell的賓語(yǔ)；在該賓語(yǔ)從句中“ashock was to be administered”為主句，而“whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to aquestion”為whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間裝語(yǔ)從句，在該賓語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，“beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severitywith each successive wrong answer”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，在該賓語(yǔ)從句中做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignorethe reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governingthe experimental situation of the moment.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句為“Milgramtold the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and toadminister whatever level of shock wascalled for”; 其中“whatever levelof shock was called for”為whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做administer的賓語(yǔ)；as per為介詞短語(yǔ)，意為依據(jù)，根據(jù)；“governingthe experimental situation of the moment”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，做therule的定語(yǔ)。

3.    Prior to carrying out theexperiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in anordinary population who would be willingto administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

4.    分析：本句的主句為“Milgramexplained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict theaverage percentage of people in an ordinary population.”; “Prior to carrying out theexperiment”為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，priorto相當(dāng)于before; “who would be willing to administer the highest shocklevel of 450 volts.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做an ordinary population的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為who。

5.    As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would definitelygive the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on variouselectrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句主句“the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers toquestions”; “As theexperiment unfolded”為As引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，做該主句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；“posedby the teacher”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，做questions的定語(yǔ)；“bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to thedanger level of 300 volts and beyond”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，做主句的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

6.    In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was toignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on the experiment.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句為“Milgramcalmly explained that…”; “that the teacher-subject was toignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做explain的賓語(yǔ)；在該賓語(yǔ)從句中“toignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”為不定式做表語(yǔ)。

7.    What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing toadminister the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal andmoral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句為“What Milgram was trying to discover was the number ofteacher-subjects”; “What Milgram was trying to discover”為What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；“who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face ofstrong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of theexperiment.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做teacher-subjects的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為who。

8.    If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgramsaid that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句為“Milgramsaid that …”; “If the subject was still reluctant to proceed”為If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；“that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做said的賓語(yǔ)；在該賓語(yǔ)從句“that it wasimportant for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”中，it為形式主語(yǔ)，“that the procedure be followed through to the end”為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，是該賓語(yǔ)從句真正的主語(yǔ)。

9.    The overwhelmingconsensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey theexperimenter.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句主句為“The overwhelming consensus was that …”; “that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuseto obey the experimenter”為表語(yǔ)從句，做was的表語(yǔ)。

10. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable peoplepredict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers’actually do in the laboratory of real life?（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句主句為“Howcan we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between…and…”; “what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict inthe comfort of their study”和“what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers’actually do in the laboratory of real life”均為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

11.  One’s firstinclination might be to argue that theremust be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following agenetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil byadministering the electrical shock.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句為“One’sfirst inclination might be to…”; “to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animalaggression instinct that was activated by theexperiment, and that Milgram’s teacher-subjectswere just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge ontothe pupil by administering the electrical shock.”為不定式做表語(yǔ)，做be的表語(yǔ)；在此表語(yǔ)中“that there must be some sort of built-in animalaggression instinct”和“that Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following agenetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil byadministering the electrical shock”并列，皆為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做argue的賓語(yǔ)；“that was activated by the experiment”為定語(yǔ)從句，做instinct的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that。

12. The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts’ and they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts.（劍5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句為并列句，“The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts’”和“they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”并列，由and連接；其中“that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts’”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做felt的賓語(yǔ)，而“that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”也為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做anticipated的賓語(yǔ)。

（本文來(lái)自朗閣教育托福考試教研組，供廣大考生學(xué)習(xí)使用，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處）