英語六級(jí)閱讀備考：解題方法4步走

大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試（CET 6）閱讀由10%的快讀閱讀，5%的簡(jiǎn)答題和20%的深度閱讀構(gòu)成，而深度閱讀是考試重心之一，包括兩篇文章，做題時(shí)間為20分鐘左右，多不能超過25分鐘，否則會(huì)影響其它題型解答的時(shí)間。

考生在面對(duì)六級(jí)閱讀詞匯量大、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、題材多樣化這樣的難題時(shí)，如何能準(zhǔn)確解答關(guān)鍵在于兩點(diǎn)：一是如何在閱讀過程中準(zhǔn)確在文中標(biāo)記出需要查找的內(nèi)容的具體位置；二是如何在閱讀完題干之后能迅速在文中根據(jù)記憶或者閱讀時(shí)的標(biāo)注找出相關(guān)內(nèi)容。如果第一方面做的很好能大大減少第二步所花的時(shí)間。

深度閱讀以議論性的文章為主，文章脈絡(luò)清晰、整體框架明確。而且，議論性的文章并不一定要全部讀懂，沒有必要把每一句話的意思都弄清楚，把每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都掌握。4-5個(gè)問題不可能覆蓋文章中每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)、每一句話。解題過程中，只要找到答案，因此六級(jí)閱讀的解題過程中，通常采用的解題方法是——

（1）瀏覽題目，推測(cè)全文主題

閱讀理解的五道題目之間通常都會(huì)有隱含的邏輯聯(lián)系，所以通過第一遍的初步瀏覽，有助于把握文章所談?wù)摰闹黝}，作出簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)想和推測(cè)。如

1. The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”。

2. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?

3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because________.

4. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because________.

5. We can infer from this passage that________.

第1、5題分別為猜詞題和推論題，沒有提供任何信息。不過第2、3、4題都提到了bad breath （難聞的口氣，口臭），因此文章談?wù)摰闹黝}就非常清晰，對(duì)于后面的理解和解題會(huì)有幫助。

（2）判斷題型，確定題干關(guān)鍵詞

六級(jí)的深度閱讀主要考查主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、猜詞題、推論題和態(tài)度題等五種題型，重點(diǎn)考查細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題的關(guān)鍵詞主要有三類（1）顯性關(guān)鍵詞：大寫、數(shù)字、連字符單詞、序數(shù)詞等；（2）實(shí)意動(dòng)詞；（3）核心名詞和生詞。這一步對(duì)于接下來的瀏覽文章圈定關(guān)鍵詞至關(guān)重要。

（3）跳讀文章，尋找關(guān)鍵詞

瀏覽文章切忌試圖弄懂文中的每一個(gè)單詞。如果逐句翻譯會(huì)影響做題的速度，而且會(huì)忽略各題區(qū)域的尋找。跳讀的目的是要整體把握一下文章脈絡(luò)，找到每道題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，從而可以確定每道題目答案的所在位置。答案在文中一般情況都是依次而下順序出現(xiàn)。

（4）理解區(qū)域，排除干擾項(xiàng)

根據(jù)第三步尋找的區(qū)域，進(jìn)行深度的翻譯和理解，比較選項(xiàng)與文章的信息，注意選項(xiàng)的同義改寫、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換，同時(shí)要當(dāng)心偷換概念、以偏概全等陷阱，依據(jù)選項(xiàng)一般不過于絕對(duì)（如出現(xiàn)never, only, all）等原理，排除干擾項(xiàng)，終確定答案。

Passage One

For hundreds of millions of years, turtles （海龜） have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings （幼龜） down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.

But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.

Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land （as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings）， we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers （which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor） and longline fishers （which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles） take a heavy toll on turtles.

Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs （恐龍） will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.

1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.

A.human activities have changed the way turtles survive.

B.efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out

C.government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles’ extinction

D.marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles’ reproduction

2. What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” （Line 1, Para. 2）？

A.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.

B.Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.

C.The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.

D.The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.

3. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?

A.Their inadequate food supply.

B.Unregulated commercial fishing.

C.Their lower reproductively ability.

D.Contamination of sea water

4. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?

A.It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.

B.The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.

C.The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.

D.It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.

5. The last sentence of the passage is meant to ________.

A.persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles

B.stress that even the most ugly species should be protected

C.call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival

D.warn our descendants about the extinction of species

Passage Two

There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.

A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “l(fā)abor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance （報(bào)復(fù)性地） since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.

There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University （tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08） yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student （$35,542）？ Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student （$17,380） there? Not likely.

No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.

As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences （such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program）。 And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students （or, more accurately, their parents） often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid （混合動(dòng)力汽車）； an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.

6. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?

A.Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.

B.It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college education.

C.College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.

D.Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns.

7. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, ________.

A.enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities

B.the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates

C.competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today

D.the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed

8. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ________.

A.save more on tuition

B.receive a better education

C.take more liberal-arts courses

D.avoid traveling long distances

9. In this consumerist age, most parents ________.

A.regard college education as a wise investment

B.place a premium on the prestige of the College

C.think it crucial to send their children to college

D.consider college education a consumer product

10. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?

A.Their employment prospects after graduation.

B.A satisfying experience within their budgets.

C.Its facilities and learning environment.

D.Its ranking among similar institutions.

參考答案：

1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B

考生在面對(duì)六級(jí)閱讀詞匯量大、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、題材多樣化這樣的難題時(shí)，如何能準(zhǔn)確解答關(guān)鍵在于兩點(diǎn)：一是如何在閱讀過程中準(zhǔn)確在文中標(biāo)記出需要查找的內(nèi)容的具體位置；二是如何在閱讀完題干之后能迅速在文中根據(jù)記憶或者閱讀時(shí)的標(biāo)注找出相關(guān)內(nèi)容。如果第一方面做的很好能大大減少第二步所花的時(shí)間。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

Passage One

本文是環(huán)保類題材的文章，主要談?wù)撚捎谌祟惢顒?dòng)（海洋捕撈、近海活動(dòng)）以及氣候變暖等因素，海龜數(shù)量急劇下降。

首先根據(jù)題干信息，分別將5個(gè)題目進(jìn)行定位。第一、二和五題有著明確的定位信息，而第三、四題的關(guān)鍵詞是Elizabeth Griffin和global warming，五道題目分別定位在第一段、第二段首句、第三段、末段和末段結(jié)尾句。接下來是理解定位，排除干擾項(xiàng)。52題是推論題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)初看都像是正確答案，但通過理解，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章第一段都在談?wù)撊藗冊(cè)诒Ｗo(hù)海龜方面付出的努力，而后一句中all the attention 是對(duì)前面的總結(jié)，而正確選項(xiàng)B中efforts替換原文中的attention，dying out替換原文中的go extinct，運(yùn)用同義替換原則。又如第55題，對(duì)于global warming的影響，錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)BCD中均有提到eggs, hatch, grow, beach等相關(guān)核心詞，但由于細(xì)節(jié)表述有誤，因此需要考生仔細(xì)閱讀辨析后排除錯(cuò)誤答案。

而后一題對(duì)應(yīng)文章末句“Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs （恐龍） will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.” 考生需要在短時(shí)間之內(nèi)分析這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，理清句子思路。而該句的關(guān)鍵是or，如果兩邊成分一致表示“或者”，如果成分不一致，表示“否則”，而這里應(yīng)該是后者。that outlived the dinosaurs （恐龍）是定語從句修飾a creature, leaving our descendants to wonder是分詞作定語，修飾前面整句話，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

Passage Two

此文是典型的教育類文章，在六級(jí)考試中，教育類文章一般會(huì)深入探討教育體制和教育弊端。這篇閱讀有一個(gè)new idea是即使大學(xué)教育是一種高消費(fèi)，但作者仍鼓勵(lì)和支持人們進(jìn)入大學(xué)深造，把大學(xué)作為一種投資和商品的結(jié)合；這與以往六級(jí)閱讀大走“批判路線”有所不同?？傮w來說，這篇閱讀比上篇閱讀要簡(jiǎn)單一些，因?yàn)檩^好定位。文章一共5段，每一段對(duì)應(yīng)一道題。

要做好這篇文章需要把握兩點(diǎn)：1. 明確本文中心：即作者對(duì)于花錢上大學(xué)的態(tài)度（肯定or否定）；2. 定位到原文后做題時(shí)，即使不太確定整句話的意思，但只要注意幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞就大功告成。 如第57題定位于第一段But之后，雖然是個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，但是主要抓住關(guān)鍵families can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that should yield huge dividends，而重點(diǎn)就是yield huge dividends，可見作者是持肯定態(tài)度的，從而排除了ABD這三個(gè)持否定態(tài)度的答案。又如第58題，考生可能對(duì)“l(fā)abor-market premium to skill”理解不透，不過沒有關(guān)系，考場(chǎng)上只要看懂earn這一詞，還有decrease這一詞，就明白這句話談?wù)摰氖怯嘘P(guān)收入earning.本篇較為容易的題有59、60、61題，59題靠2個(gè)數(shù)字就可解答出正確答案，而60、61題基本上答案就是原文中詞匯。

09年6月深度閱讀七個(gè)核心詞匯分析

account

n. 賬戶，描述

vi. 解釋； 說明（for）

vt. 認(rèn)為

account三個(gè)意思中“賬戶”為基本含義，ac-前綴，意為“一再”，count=number數(shù)，同根詞有accountant（會(huì)計(jì)人員）， discount（折扣），反復(fù)清算，一再校對(duì)即為賬戶。閱讀中account用作動(dòng)詞為常見，account for表示“解釋，說明”，也可譯為“導(dǎo)致”，同義詞組還有l(wèi)ead to（導(dǎo)致），contribute to（為…作貢獻(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致）， be responsible for（為…負(fù)責(zé)，導(dǎo)致）， give rise to（使…發(fā)生，導(dǎo)致）， give birth to（生育，導(dǎo)致）。

extinct

adj. 滅絕的，破滅的，過時(shí)的，熄滅的

前綴ex-為“出、外”，詞根tin，同tain，為“掌控，握住”，同根詞有obtain獲得，sustain持續(xù)。Ex + tin + ct = 失去控制，在掌控之外，引申為滅絕的，過時(shí)的。六級(jí)閱讀中extinct還有形式的變化，extinction滅絕，extinguish vt. 使熄滅，撲滅，使…不復(fù)存在；extinguisher n. 撲火者，滅火器，同時(shí)還要區(qū)分一個(gè)近義詞extinctive, 意為tending to extinguish or make extinct.

prompt

adj. 迅速的，準(zhǔn)時(shí)的

vt. 促使，提示，推動(dòng)

前綴pro-進(jìn)行，支持，向前，詞根mpt拿、采取，“采取果斷行動(dòng)、迅速的或使…向前→促進(jìn)”。Pro-前綴在閱讀中應(yīng)用廣泛，例如prolong →pro（向前）+long（a. 長(zhǎng)的）→向前伸長(zhǎng)→延長(zhǎng)，promote →pro（向前）+mote（=to move移動(dòng)）→使職位向前移動(dòng)→提升，propose →pro（=forward） +pose（=to put）→to put forward →把自己的意見呈上前→提議， provoke →pro（=forth）+ voke （=to call叫）→上前叫板→挑釁。

neglect

v. 忽視，忽略

neg-作為前綴表示否定，lect為詞根表示“選擇、收集”的含義（如select, collect）→沒有做出適當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇→忽視。同義詞有overlook, disregard, ignore（ig-否定前綴+nore=知道→不知道→忽視提示），brush/set/wave away.

outlive

v. 比…長(zhǎng)壽

out-為前綴，表示“超過，過度”，六級(jí)同學(xué)需要掌握此前綴的單詞還有outskirts（out-前綴，skirt意為邊緣，因而城市邊緣的外圍，即為郊區(qū)），outweigh 比……重要。

decrease

n. & v. 減少，下降

前綴de-有down, complete 的意思，也可引申為否定的意思，例如deliberate v. 考慮，字根來自拉丁文名詞 libra（天平，磅）（英文 pound可寫成lb.,便是源自于此） →將事物定下來掂算重量→考慮。Decrease由前綴de-和increase的詞根組合而成，意為“下降”，同義詞有decline, descend, fall, diminish等。

indifferent

adj. 冷漠的；漠不關(guān)心的

indifferent = in + different，in-否定前綴，different不同，“無論怎樣都感覺不到什么不同”→漠不關(guān)心的。The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them; that‘s the essence of inhumanity.我們對(duì)作為同類的其他人所犯下的大罪過不是憎恨，而是漠不關(guān)心，那是不近人情的本質(zhì)。注意be different from 與……不同，be indifferent to 對(duì)……漠不關(guān)心