1. It作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.
2. 強調(diào)句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
3. “All+抽象名詞”或“抽象名詞+itself”(very+形容詞)|
He was all gentleness to her.
4. 利用詞匯重復表示強調(diào)
A crime is a crime a crime.
5. “something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of”“something of”相當于“to some extent”,表示程度。在疑問句或條件從句中,則為“anything of ”,可譯為“有點”,“略微等。”“譯為毫無”,“全無”。“much of”譯為“大有”,“not much of”可譯為“算不上”,“稱不上”,“l(fā)ittle of”可譯為“幾乎無”。 something like譯為“有點像,略似。”
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6. 同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個名詞都指同一個人或物,“of”以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)一個形容詞短語,以修飾“of”后面的那個名詞。如“her old sharper of a father”,可譯為:“她那騙子般的父親”。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. as…as…can(may)beIt is as plain as plain can be.
8. “It is in(with)…as in(with)”
It is in life as in a journey.
9. “as good as…”相等于,就像,幾乎如;實際上,其實,實在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10.“many as well…as”和“might as well …as” “many as well…as”可譯為“與其……,不如……,更好”,“以這樣做……為宜”,“如同……,也可以……”等等?!癿ight as well …as”表示不可能的事,可譯為“猶如……”,“可與……一樣荒唐”,“與其那樣不如這樣的好”等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
11.“to make…of”的譯法(使……成為……,把……當作)I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo…+不定式“,not(never)too…+不定式”,“too…not+不定式She is too angry to speak.
13. only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so ”和“too ready (apt) + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式也沒有否定意義,凡是“not”,“all”“but等字后+”too…to,“不定式都失去了否定意義,在”too ready(apt) +to do“結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式也沒有否定意義。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14. ”no more …than…“句型A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15. ”not so much…as“和”not so much as …“結(jié)構(gòu),”not so much…as“=”not so much as …“,其中as有進可換用but rather,可譯為:”與其說是……毋須說是……“。而”not so much as“=”without(not)even,“可譯為”甚至……還沒有“。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .
16. ”Nothing is more…than“和”Nothing is so …as“結(jié)構(gòu),”Nothing is more…than“和”Nothing is so …as“都具有高級比較的意思,”Nothing I“可換用”no“,”nobody“,”nowhere “,”little“,”few“,”hardly“,”scarcely“等等,可譯為”沒有…… 比……更為“,”像……再沒有了“,”……“等。
Nothing is more precious than time.
17. ”cannot…too…“結(jié)構(gòu),”cannot…too…“意為”It is impossible to overdo…“或者,即”無論怎樣……也不算過分“?!眓ot“可換用”hardly“,”scarcely“等,”too“可換用”enough “,”sufficient“等You cannot be too careful.
18. ”否定+but “結(jié)構(gòu),在否定詞后面的”but“,具有”which not“,”who not“,”that not“,等等否定意義,構(gòu)成前后的雙重否定??勺g成”沒有……不是“或”……都……“等Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
19. ”否定+until (till)“結(jié)構(gòu),在否定詞”no“,”not“,”never“,”little“,”few“,”seldom“等的后邊所接用的”until/till“,多數(shù)情況下譯為” 直到……才……“,”要……才……“,把否定譯為肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20. ”not so…but“和”not such a …but“結(jié)構(gòu),這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)和”否定+but“的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多,不同之點是這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)中的”but“是含有”that…not“意味的連續(xù)詞,表示程度??勺g為”還沒有……到不能做……的程度“,”并不是……不……“,”無論怎樣……也不是不能……“等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.
21. ”疑問詞+should…but “結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去的意外的事,意為”none…but“,可譯為”除了……還有誰會……“,”豈料“,”想不到……竟是……“等。
Who should write it but himself?
22. ”who knows but (that)…“和”who could should…but“結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)是反問形式,一般意譯為”多半“,”亦未可知“等等,有時也可直譯。
Who knows but (that) he may go?
23. ”祈使句+and“和”祈使句+or“結(jié)構(gòu),”祈使句+and“表示”If…you…“,”祈使名+or“表示”if…not…,you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.
24. “名詞+and”結(jié)構(gòu),在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞等于狀語從句,或表示條件,或表示時間。
A word, and he would lose his temper.
25. “as…,so…”結(jié)構(gòu),這里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此結(jié)構(gòu)表明兩個概念在程度上和關(guān)系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
26. “if any”結(jié)構(gòu),“if any”和“if ever”,意思是“果真有……”,“即使有……”,表示加強語氣。與此類似的還有:“if anything”(如有不同的話,如果稍有區(qū)別),“if a day”(=at least,至少)。
There is little, if any, hope.
27. “be it ever(never)so”和“l(fā)et it be ever(never)so”結(jié)構(gòu),這里,“be it”中的“be”是古英語假設(shè)語氣的遺留形式,現(xiàn)代英語則使用“l(fā)et it be”。“ever so”和“never so”都表示同一意思,都表示“very”。
Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
28. “the last+不定式”和“the last +定語從詞”結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的“l(fā)ast”意思是“the least likely”,用于否定性推論??勺g為“不大可能的”,“不合適的”,由原意的“后一個……”變成“不可能……的一個”。
He is the last man to accept a bride.
29. “so…that…”句型,這個句型的意思是“如此……,以致于……”,但在翻譯成漢語時,許多情況下,并不是一定要譯成“如此……以致于……”,而是變通表達其含義。
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
30. “more + than+原級形容詞(副詞)”結(jié)構(gòu),這是將不同性質(zhì)加以比較,其中的“more”有“rather”的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.
31. “more than +動詞”結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動詞的程度,可譯為“異?!?,“豈止”,“十二分地”等。
This more than satisfied me.
32. “good and …”的副詞用法,譯為“非?!?,“很”等。類似還有“nice and …”, “fine and …,” “l(fā)ovely and …”, “bright and …”, “rare and …”, “big and …”等,均表示程度。
The apples are good and ripe.
33. “and that”結(jié)構(gòu),這個“and that”應(yīng)譯為“而且……”,表示對它前面陳述部分的語氣加強,“that”代表前面的整個陳述部分。
Return to your work , and that at once.
34. “at once…and”結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)譯為“既……又……”,起相關(guān)連接的作用,相當于“both…and…”。
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.
35. “in that…”結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“在那一點上(方面)”,可譯為“因為”。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“in this…”。
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.