新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)修辭方法學(xué)習(xí)

類比法(Analogy)

是一種詞義修辭格，把兩種本質(zhì)上不相同的事物就其某方面的共同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較，通過比喻說(shuō)明某種道理或描繪某種復(fù)雜情況。例如，Lesson 27的第一句, “It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.” 作者把人們生活工作的方式類比成銷售貨物的方式，每個(gè)人都是一定意義上的推售員，抽象的為謀生而付出的努力被比喻成具體的可供售賣的貨物。通過這樣的類比，讀者找到了聯(lián)系的線索，加深對(duì)句子的理解并引起共鳴。假如我們要借助類比描繪英語(yǔ)的作用，我們就可以說(shuō)，“What English means to a student is what weapons mean to the soldiers who fight in the battlefield.” 或 “If we obtain English proficiency, we obtain the key which leads us to more knowledge and opportunities.”

夸張法(hyperbole)

也是詞義修辭，刻意地夸大或縮小把事物的特征，在數(shù)量，形狀和程度上加以渲染， “言過其實(shí)”地使事物的本質(zhì)特征更好地呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，給人強(qiáng)烈的印象。Lesson 49, 作者談到阿姨家的仆人數(shù)量時(shí)提及”an army of servants (仆人大軍)” and “the shifting population(流動(dòng)人口)”, 把Bessie導(dǎo)致布丁砸在桌上的小意外說(shuō)成 “catastrophe (大災(zāi)難)”, 不難看出這些都是夸張的例子。如果我們的朋友多不勝數(shù)，我們也可以自豪地說(shuō)，“I have an army of friends.”, 但是如果他們都是 “the shifting population who just come and go into my life without even a hello or goodbye (他們只是連招呼不打就來(lái)來(lái)去去的流動(dòng)人口)”，那么這樣的友情帶來(lái)的只是一個(gè) “catastrophe”, 因?yàn)闆]有得到真正的知己。

排比法(Parallelism)

屬于結(jié)構(gòu)修辭，以語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱來(lái)突出意義，增添氣勢(shì)。Lesson 51,闡述Bagrid預(yù)測(cè)計(jì)算機(jī)的功能, 文中出現(xiàn)了連續(xù)四個(gè)排比，充分證明了Bagrid非凡的眼光，“Bagrid foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams…, when they would be used in hospital…, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work..”排比是常用的修辭之一，排比項(xiàng)通常以三項(xiàng)為起點(diǎn)，控制于五項(xiàng)之內(nèi)。 結(jié)合一個(gè)寫大學(xué)教育的主題，以下的排比句躍然紙上, “University is the place where we absorb the most comprehensive knowledge, where we encounter friends of lifetime, where we cultivate our characters and personalities, where we create the most impressive part of our life.

同樣的內(nèi)容，采用不一樣的表達(dá)方式，效果就大相徑庭。修辭就像調(diào)色盤，不同的顏色搭配襯托出不一樣的畫面，學(xué)會(huì)給文章涂上色彩，我們的文章才會(huì)更加引人注目。