GMAT作為世界上難的語(yǔ)法考試,對(duì)語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)的考查早已超過(guò)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)本身,與其說(shuō)它是在考察語(yǔ)言,不如說(shuō)它是在考察能力,具有很強(qiáng)的綜合性和很大的迷惑性。由于考查范圍廣、出錯(cuò)點(diǎn)多、原則多樣化,雖然語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)部分看起來(lái)容易把握,但在實(shí)際解題過(guò)程中,考生經(jīng)常顧此失彼,在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)間徘徊猶豫半天依然難以確定終答案。GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)的難度一方面來(lái)自題干,另一方面來(lái)自選項(xiàng),因?yàn)槲覀円揽窟x項(xiàng)之間的差別來(lái)獲得信息、尋求提示,其實(shí)這就反映了GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)答案的特點(diǎn)--永遠(yuǎn)只有相對(duì)正確而不寸在絕對(duì)正確,也就是需要我們善于運(yùn)用排除法,挑選出相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確而有效的那一個(gè)。很有可能幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是錯(cuò)誤的,我們就需要找出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較輕微的選項(xiàng)來(lái)作為正確答案。下面我們通過(guò)幾個(gè)例子深入體會(huì)一下這種思路。
1.Downzoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density, allows for more open space in areas where little water or services exist.
(A) little water or services exist
(B) little water or services exists
(C) few services and little water exists
(D) there is little water or services available
(E) there are few services and little available water
這是一道典型的難題,充分體現(xiàn)了GMAT語(yǔ)法相對(duì)正確性的原則。A選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ittle這個(gè)詞既修飾了water又修飾了services,但是little只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,所以它只能修飾water而不能修飾services, 所以A選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法是不對(duì)的,而這是個(gè)正確性的錯(cuò)誤。同樣B和D都犯了類(lèi)似的錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)中主語(yǔ)few services and little water是復(fù)數(shù),而謂語(yǔ)卻是單數(shù),也錯(cuò)了。E選項(xiàng)其實(shí)也有錯(cuò),首先用了there be的句型,這在GMAT語(yǔ)法中一般是不允許的,其次又加了available這個(gè)詞,把原文的意思也改變了,但這些錯(cuò)誤從性質(zhì)上來(lái)看只是有效性的錯(cuò)誤,起碼它語(yǔ)法是正確的,而A,B,C,D語(yǔ)法都錯(cuò)了,所以答案選E。
我們?cè)倏匆坏婪浅n?lèi)似的題目:
2.The commission acknowledged that no amount of money or staff members can ensure the safety of people who live in the vicinity of a nuclear plant, but it approved the installation because it believed that all reasonable precautions had been taken.
(A) no amount of money or staff members
(B) neither vast amounts of money nor staff members
(C) neither vast amounts of money nor numbers of staff members
(D) neither vast amounts of money nor a large staff
(E) no matter how large the staff or how vast the amount of money
這道題目和剛才那題非常類(lèi)似,amount of 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞但不能修飾可數(shù)名詞,而A和B選項(xiàng)中amount of同時(shí)修飾了money這個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞和staff members這個(gè)可數(shù)名詞,所以都是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了numbers of,這是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá)方式,表示某物的數(shù)量應(yīng)該用the number of,所以也錯(cuò)了。E選項(xiàng)no matter how 羅嗦,首先用however會(huì)顯得更為簡(jiǎn)潔,而其實(shí)即使改用however還是錯(cuò),因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)強(qiáng)烈語(yǔ)氣表達(dá),原文中沒(méi)有使用正確答案就不能使用。答案選D,有些憑語(yǔ)感解題的同學(xué)會(huì)覺(jué)得D選項(xiàng)看上去很不順眼,但解GMAT語(yǔ)法題千萬(wàn)不能憑語(yǔ)感,而要靠扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法分析。A,B,C,E都存在著一定程度的錯(cuò)誤,所以答案選D。
后我們?cè)倏匆坏李}來(lái)說(shuō)明從幾個(gè)都是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)中來(lái)找出一個(gè)相對(duì)正確答案的應(yīng)用。
3.The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980's.
(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980's.
(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980's and cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980's, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
這道題目中A選項(xiàng)的it is hoped是個(gè)插入語(yǔ),應(yīng)該前后用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而且A中的which語(yǔ)法上看指代了dollar美圓,而從邏輯來(lái)分析其實(shí)是應(yīng)該指代program項(xiàng)目的,所以A錯(cuò)了。B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)用了hopefully這個(gè)詞,這不符合商業(yè)英文的用法,一般是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)該改為it is hoped。D選項(xiàng)犯了個(gè)非常嚴(yán)重的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,它缺少謂語(yǔ),所以肯定是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。后答案選E,而其實(shí)E選項(xiàng)也只是個(gè)相對(duì)佳而非絕對(duì)優(yōu),因?yàn)樗帕薓odernizing the steel mill這個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ),應(yīng)該把它改成the modernization of the steel mill名詞形式來(lái)做主語(yǔ)會(huì)更好一點(diǎn),但由于這只是個(gè)不簡(jiǎn)潔的錯(cuò)誤,屬于有效性的錯(cuò)誤,與A,B,C,D的錯(cuò)誤性質(zhì)比較起來(lái)顯得輕微許多,所以答案選E。
通過(guò)這幾題的講解,相信大家已經(jīng)掌握了相對(duì)正確性的用法。在下一次我們將會(huì)給大家介紹如何從幾個(gè)都是正確的選項(xiàng)中找出一個(gè)符合正確答案特征的選項(xiàng)來(lái)做為正確答案。