雅思考試中寫(xiě)作作為文字“輸出”多的一個(gè)部分,不僅考察了同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力,而且對(duì)于很多雅思寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法扣分點(diǎn)的掌握程度也很容易在寫(xiě)作中體現(xiàn)出來(lái),從以往的考試來(lái)看,雅思寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法扣分點(diǎn)往往不是那些有難度的語(yǔ)法,而是一些基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。下面和小編一起來(lái)看看吧:
一、such as與for example的混用
我們知道,在表示舉例子的時(shí)候,such as與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare。
但是同學(xué)們對(duì)于Such as、for example 的把握還是不夠準(zhǔn)確。我們都知道,后者接句子前者接詞語(yǔ)表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫(xiě)法:
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian。
這里的such as改為for example為好,因?yàn)椤癷n French and Italian”其實(shí)是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡(jiǎn)化,所以要用for example來(lái)引出例證。再來(lái)看幾個(gè)類(lèi)似的例子:
It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics。
二、assume 及claim 使用不夠準(zhǔn)確
我們知道, think,assume,claim是議論文中常用引出觀點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞。在實(shí)際作文中,同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為幾個(gè)詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過(guò)來(lái)就用。甚至還有同學(xué)把consider也拿過(guò)來(lái)與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來(lái)看這幾個(gè)詞的不同:
Think: to have opinion or belief about sth。
翻譯為“認(rèn)為”,通常接賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)比較確定的觀點(diǎn)。
Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it。
翻譯為“假設(shè)、假定”,是否有事實(shí)依據(jù)是不確定的。
Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it。
翻譯為“聲稱(chēng)”,用這個(gè)詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點(diǎn),所以很少用作‘I claim that…
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。
所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報(bào)道稱(chēng)。。?!?。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據(jù)報(bào)道”,往往代表著作者贊同報(bào)告的內(nèi)容,
Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision
翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點(diǎn),看個(gè)例子:
We are considering buying a new car。
所以,千萬(wàn)不要在雅思大作文的第一段就因?yàn)橛迷~把握不準(zhǔn)而導(dǎo)致對(duì)整篇文章的低分印象。
三、介詞使用錯(cuò)誤
1、普通介詞的誤用
一般表現(xiàn)為固定搭配錯(cuò)誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯(cuò)誤看似無(wú)傷大雅,但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的,當(dāng)然會(huì)影響終成績(jī)。解決的辦法簡(jiǎn)單而古老:把常見(jiàn)的固定搭配牢記于心,問(wèn)題 自然就解決了。
2、 “to”作為介詞的誤用
“to”常見(jiàn)的用法是以動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)的,所以同學(xué)們也已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對(duì)于一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見(jiàn)用法一般也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。但是對(duì)于與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞to就會(huì)經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò),如:
More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。
這里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞,所以后面只能接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞,如動(dòng)名詞。所以句中depend on 應(yīng)改為“depending on”?!皌ake to”的另一個(gè)常用用法也需要牢記:
He hasn’t taken to his new school.
Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會(huì)有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號(hào)。
類(lèi)似的常用用法請(qǐng)同學(xué)們牢記:
Be used to doing
Adapt to doing
Adjust to doing
prefer doing sth. to doing sth。
Be accustomed to doing
See to doing等等,請(qǐng)注意平時(shí)仔細(xì)積累。
四、表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句
這是摘自學(xué)生雅思作文中的一個(gè)病句:
I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school。
因?yàn)椤畇uggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以后面的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,句中“continues”部分應(yīng)該改為“ continue”。
在此,小編提醒您,一定要牢記以下常見(jiàn)表“建議”的詞匯,而且要記住這些詞接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:
Recommend, suggest, advise